Negative Issues Of Air Pollution - 1473 Words

This paper discusses the issue of air pollution and its related impacts on the local environment, citizen’s health, and the economy in Massachusetts. Major sources of air pollution are specified, and sustainable solutions to these issues are explored. The costs and consequences of state policies are taken into account, and the advantages and disadvantages of these policies are discussed. Solutions that individuals can incorporate into their own lives and homes are shared, and finally, ways that citizens can promote environmentally friendly alternatives for transportation and home energy are explored. The burning of fossil fuels releases many air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and†¦show more content†¦It can travel quite far through the wind, which means that heavy air pollution in cities can affect rural communities, contributing to similar issues far away from the original source of the pollution. Asthma and respiratory infections are linked to increases in doctor visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions (EPA, 2015). Citizens who develop asthma must change their lifestyles to avoid the risks associated with the lung disease. That is not to say that they can’t lead healthy active lives, but they must create a plan with their physician that best suits them. This can mean avoiding certain activities and places, such as the outdoors during times of low air quality, cardio exercise, and events where there may be elevated levels of PM from other sources, such as bonfires. Those affected might hav e to take time off of work or stay home from school because of their illness, which can negatively affect their income and education (EPA, 2017). The Northeast has some of the highest asthma rates in our nation (Moorman, et al., 2017), and MA has the largest affected population in the region. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that in Massachusetts, asthma related hospital costs reached 157.7 million dollars in 2010 (CDC, n.d.). That is a massive economic impact for the state and for the individuals affected, who must pay copays for their doctors’ visits and medications, and haveShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Population Pollution Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagesunfortunately causing negative impacts on the environment. Each day the air around us is becoming more polluted as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere caused by human activities increases each day. As population continues to gradually increase, it is causing harmful effects in terms of air pollution. An increase in the number of people directly varies with the pollution that is emitted into the environment. Moreso, the human population is polluting the air due to the use of vehiclesRead MoreResearch Essay On Global Pollution1172 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Essay on Global Pollution The global pollution is one of the major hazards human civilization is confronted with at present. Few issues in the history of mankind had such a pronounced and universal effect on the entire population of our planet, its environment, flora and fauna. Pollution is a problem that also needs to be analyzed and handled in terms of its perspectives in the future, both short- and long-term. Pollution is defined as the process and result of the introduction of foreignRead MoreAir Pollution Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages In recent years, air pollution has become a growing problem in China (Zhang, Chao). According to the newly released scientific paper by Dan Levin, outdoor air pollution contrib7utes to the deaths of 1.6 million people in China every year, and about 4,400 people a day (Levin, Dan). Essentially, air is a major part of our overall health. However, people (including ourselves), especially living in developed countries, suffer from the exposure of air pollution. This potenti ally puts our health at riskRead MorePollution As An Environmental Problem1426 Words   |  6 PagesPOLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Introduction The environment is always facing sudden changes due to natural forces like the eruption of volcanic and earthquakes. However human activities have in the recent times being blamed as the major contributor to the majority of the environmental problems that there are today. Among the numerous environmental issues is pollution. Human activities have been solely responsible for soil, water, and air pollution that has made the entire environment pollutedRead MoreChinese Economic Expansion And Increased Air Pollution1729 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor Engl 108-006 11/03/2014 Chinese Economic Expansion and Increased Air Pollution In recent years, China has been experiencing unprecedented economic growth. Chinese prosperity has had negative side-effects, including extreme environmental pollution (Wong, 2014). What researchers call â€Å"ambient particulate matter pollution† was the fourth-leading risk factor for deaths in China, contributing to 1.2 million deaths in 2010. Construction, industrial waste and greenhouse gasses are theRead MoreEssay on The Environmental Health Problem and Proposed Solutions731 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Health Problem Air pollution affects all living things on earth—from plants to animals to humans. Air pollution is something society has been facing since the Industrial Revolution. China, in particular, has been facing increasing amounts of pollution; being ranked among the top three most polluted countries in the world. China emits tons of toxins resulting from man-made production into the air and water every day. China’s levels of pollution are so high that the pollution reaches the UnitedRead MoreAir Pollution1597 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Air Pollution Introduction The other planets have sunlight; however, the earth is the only planet known to have air and water, without which it cannot sustain life. However, the quality of the air in our atmosphere is deteriorating rapidly due to the incorporation of harmful amounts of gases, dust and fumes. The substances that constitute the air pollution are the pollutants. 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While fossil fuel sources continue to diminish, there is an increasing interest in the use of renewable technologies, such as the air, water, and sun. China is one of the many countries in the world suffering from air pollution due to household and industrial use of fossil fuels and a massive population. Air pollution also has many negative impacts on human health and the environmentRead MoreThe Airline Industry And Tourism Industry1176 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsible management. The popularity of the airline industry first started after World War II. The size, scope and importance of the transportation sector began to heavily rely on the airline industry for tourism and travel. Once the demands for air travel was introduced, the demands for supplies and the availability to advance the comfort of passengers innovated the industry to expand. (Copeland, D. G., McKenney, J. L. 1988) The airline industry has not only influenced the tourism industry but

The Goal By Eliyahu Goldratt And Jeff Cox - 906 Words

The goal is a novel story written by Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox. Many copies has been sold worldwide since was first published in 1984. The book has been translated in different languages, which make it easy to read and understand. The reason of the book success is the way how it frames the concept of bottlenecks. Eliyahu Goldratt wrote many other books, such as It’s Not Luck, Critical Chain, Necessary but Not Sufficient and Isn’t It Obvious?. Goldratt was the founder of Theory of Constraint for education. This theory becomes a tool for teachers to use in operation management. The Goal genre is a fiction. The purpose of this book is to understand the theory of Constraints and resolve the bottlenecks. The Goal book is intended to any Operation manager who wants to success in the real business. The goal is a very interesting story. It is more about a plant manager who faces personal and professional challenges. Alex earns a master’s degree in both Engineering and Business Administration. He works as Engineering Manager at UNICO Company, which produces a variety of finished goods for another plant and used as component item. His logical philosophy, family issues, and top management pressure makes him a creative and successful manager in the world of business. The company has 20 million dollars of unsold goods. Many orders are scheduled but not delivered to customers. He has only three months to find a solution, otherwise UNICO has to be closed and sold toShow MoreRelatedThe Goal By Eliyahu Goldratt And Jeff Cox Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal is a novel story written by Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox. Many copies have been sold worldwide since was first published in 1984. The book has been translated in different languages, which make it easy to read and understand. The book’s success came through the way how it frames the concept of bottlenecks. Eliyahu Goldratt wrote many other books, such as It’s Not Luck, Critical Chain, Necessary but Not Sufficient and Isn’t It Obvious? Goldratt was the founder of Theory of ConstraintRead MoreThe Goal By Eliyahu Goldratt And Jeff Cox Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goal is a novel, written by Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox in 1984 with the purpose to spread awareness of Goldratt’s ideas about the production line and cost-cutting. In 1979 (5 years prior to â€Å"The Goal†), Goldratt and Creative Output, inc. worked to produce production scheduling software that would, in theory, cut lead time and inventories, and therefore cut costs. The software is called â€Å"OPT† (Optimized Production Technology†, and this is exactly what Goldratt was trying to spread awarenessRead MoreThe Goal : Eliyahu M. Goldratt And Jeff Cox2115 Words   |  9 PagesThe Goal Eliyahu M. Goldratt Jeff Cox Russel Jay Eserjose â€Æ' â€Å"The Novel That is Changing American Business†, The Goal, written by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox is a business novel that is management oriented in order to help and improve operations management. This novel was on the Time Magazine’s list of â€Å"The 25 Most Influential Business Management Books†. It was first published in 1984, but over time it has been revised and republished three times. Goldratt is a business consultant who isRead MoreThe, The Goal, By Eliyahu M. Goldratt And Jeff Cox1245 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Novel That is Changing American Business†, The Goal, written by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox is a business novel that is management oriented in order to help and improve operations management. This novel was on the Time Magazine’s list of â€Å"The 25 Most Influential Business Management Books†. It was first published in 1984, but over time it has been revised and republished three times. Goldratt, is a bus iness consultant who is acknowledged for his Theory of Constraints (TOC). He has also publishedRead MoreReport on the Book â€Å"the Goal† by Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox1590 Words   |  7 PagesReport on the book â€Å"The Goal† by Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox I really enjoyed this book. It was easy to read and easy to comprehend. The examples used in the book make the main ideas of the book memorable and easy to understand. I loved how the authors described the thinking process of the main character, Alex, in a day to day every person’s situations. To me the main value of this book is that its main concepts are applicable to every business, not just manufacturing facilities. I work in marketingRead MoreThe Goal Is Eliyahu M. Goldratt And Jeff Cox1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goal is Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox’s attempt to explain the theory of constraints through the Socratic method in the form of a novel. If nothing else, one must give them credit for the creativity of such a teaching device, cliche and dated as it may seem at times. The setting is 1980s, small town America. The town of Bearington is a manufacturing town, struggling to survive as more and more production facilities are moved overseas. The protagonist, Alex Rogo is a plant manager for strugglingRead MoreThe Goal : A Process Of Ongoing Improvement By Eliyahu M. Goldratt And Jeff Cox2079 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: I read the fictional book called, The goal: A process of ongoing improvement by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff cox. Goldratt has an extensive history of writing novels about business problems and their solutions. His list of work includes; The race, The haystack syndrome, What is This Thing Called Theory of Constraints and How Should it be Implemented?, It’s not luck, critical chain, and necessary but not sufficient. With his most recent work being in 2009 called Isn’t it obvious focusingRead MoreThe Goal Is A Business Novel Written By Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt And Jeff Cox1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe goal is a business novel written by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox. Many copies have been sold worldwide since was first published in 1984. The book has been translated in different languages, which make it easy to read and understand. The book’s success came through the way how it frames the concept of bottlenecks. Eliyahu Goldratt wrote different books, such as It’s Not Luck, Critical Chain, Necessary but Not Sufficient and Isn’t It Obvious? Goldratt was the original founder of TheRead MoreThe Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Goal† is a book written by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox in 1984. The book is very famous in the management field. In 2004, the author published the third revision of it and celebrated selling over than three million copied of it around the world. Also, the goal book is taught in over than 120 collages. The book was recommended by my professor to be read and summarize as an extra credit. The book is about a plant manger in a manufacturing company, Alex, who was hired in this positionRead MoreThe Goal : A Process Of Ongoing Improvement By Eliyahu M.goldratt And Jeff Cox1414 Words   |  6 Pages Book Report: The Goal Horane Williams MGMT 430: WB1 Sp.15 University of Baltimore Eliyahu M. Goldratt s The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement by Eliyahu M.Goldratt and Jeff Cox has changed the way organizations do business and handle constraints. The Goal tells of a guy name Alex Rogo, whom is a supervisor at a production plant how he helps save his plant. At the beginning his plant was unproductive and faced a lot of constraints within. With his help, the plant

Market Survey and the Customer Experience-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Apply the Influence of Perception to the Customer experience of service delivery Identify tools to monitor and evaluate a Customer experience Strategy. Answer: Introduction In the present scenario, consumers are more inclining towards fruit drinks over other conventional carbonated drinks. Majority of the present generation are much concerned about their health and thus, fruit drinks are being marketed as the healthier options for the carbonated drinks (Wojcicki and Heyman 2012). In Australia also, it is of no difference. According to the latest report, fruit juice market is growing at a modest rate of 1.2 percent. It is expected that fruit juice industry will be estimated at $800 million in 2016 (Euromonitor.com, 2017). Food zone is a new entrant in this market. They are offering several of types of flavored fruit juices at an affordable price. This report will discuss about the customer experience for the above said product from different perspectives of the customers. Issues associate with the customer experienced will also be discussed (Rawson, Duncan and Jones 2013). For the research purpose, primary data collection method such as customer interview is being used. Customer data and reviews from the portal of the organization are also being used to determine the customer experience. Customer experience map will be used in this report to identify the change in the experience of the customers before and after using the fruit juice of Food zone. Customer personas Relationship, analytical and innovator are the three chosen customer personas to be discussed. Some customers tend to be more social and interactive. Their personas are being identified as relationship (Caballero, Moreno and Seffah 2014). They are less interested in the technicalities of specifications of the product. Rather than they are more interested in the social interaction. In the case of food zone, these types of customers should be approached with extensive promotional activities. They are more influenced by promotions and advertisements. Marketing through the use of social media is an effective tool to attract these types of customers (Andzulis, Panagopoulos and Rapp 2012). Analytical personas of the customers influence on the basis of their past experience. They are more comfortable with established rules and procedures. Differentiated products will not have much effect on their buying behavior (Berry and Haile 2014). The product should be full proofed to attract these types of customers. They will evaluate all types of aspects before buying any products. To attract these types of customer, food zone have to go with the traditional approach without pushing any one of a kind promotional policy. The product of food zone which is fruit juice should be according to the market standard. Barring the health and hygiene aspect, all the other aspects should be kept intact. The last customer persona is innovator. It is easier to attract customers having this persona. They are more independent in nature unlike the analytical ones. Creativity and innovation attracts these types of customers. One of the most effective policies to attract them is to induct new ideas in terms of the product and the promotional policy (Paweloszek and Korczak 2016). It is been seen in the customer interviews that, majority of the customers opting for a new and lesser known products are innovators. They should be the target segments for food zone (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012). This is due to the reason that, food zone is new entrant in the market. Thus, customers having innovator personas will be easy to attract with a new product. Food zone can come up with new flavors to match the innovative nature of these customers. Competitor analysis Analyzing the customer data both from primary and secondary sources shows that, customers prefer the other brands over food zone due to its taste. Some people do not prefer the fruit juice of food zone due to its high sugar content (Leung et al. 2014). It is being told by majority of the customers that, high sugar content of the fruit juice is creating barrier over selecting the food zone. As earlier discussed, fruit juice are being perceived as the healthier option over the conventional carbonated drinks. Thus, high level of sugar content will dilute the healthier aspect of the food zone. In this case, Berri and Minute Maid are frontrunners (Upson et al. 2012). According to the customers, fruit juices of these brands are having less amount of sugar content and thus they more prefer these brands over food zone. In this aspect, Minute Maid is ahead in the competition. Their sugar free content in their fruit juices is attracting more health conscious customers. Pricing is another issue in the customer experience for Food zone. According to several customers, fruit juices of Food zone is a bit overpriced compared to its competitors. In the Australian market, Minute maid, Tropicana and Berri are more renowned than that of food zone. It is due to the reason that, Food zone is a new entrant in the market and thus it constitute of less brand image than its competitors (Severi and Ling 2013). However, Food zone opted for premium pricing. It has adversely affected on the customer experience. According to the several customers, they have found nothing special in the fruit juice of Food zone for which they have to pay extra price. Tropicana and other brands being having more brand image in the market are charging less. Thus, customers automatically prefer other brands over Food zone. According to the market survey, several customers are not satisfied with the taste of the Food zone. According to them, the taste of the orange juice of Food zone is not taste authentic and slightly bitterly in nature. It is another major issue of Food zone over its competitors. Fruit juices is being marketed as an alternative to the carbonated drinks but still it should taste good to attract customers. Tropicana and Minute Maid have more favorable taste which attracts all types of customer segments. Moreover, proof of authentic ingredients is also important for the customers opting for the fruit drinks as a healthier option (Popkin 2012). According to the market survey, several customers prefer Tropicana and Minute Maid just because of their authenticity. Some customers told in the market survey that the taste of the fruit juice of Food zone is sometimes not up to the mark. Thus they become skeptical about the quality of the ingredients being used in the juices. This issue also make s the customers to go for other options rather than going for Food zone. The taste of the fruit juice of fruit zone should be attractive to the customers and the ingredients used in the process should be properly notified to the customers. Moreover, according to the ideal customer experience management, the customer service in terms of providing effective after sales service also affects the customer experience. According to majority of the customer, the after sales service and the customer relationship management of the competitors such as Minute Maid and Tropicana is much more effective than that of the Food zone. Thus, the customer grievance cannot be effectively met. Hence, it can be concluded that the forward integration in the customer experience management is facing issues. Issues in customer experience management Delivering effective and efficient customer experience across all channels is difficult to be maintained by the organizations. It requires a holistic approach in maintaining the entire aspects of the customer experience management. Customer experience management is based on the technologies. The more updated and latest will be the technologies being used, the more will be the customer convenience. However, the technologies are rapidly changing and it is difficult for the organizations to cope up with the changing environment. The taste and preference pattern of the customers are also variable in nature. With the time, the taste and preference pattern of the customer is changing. Thus, it is difficult for the organizations to adjust with the change and design their customer experience management. Though feedback systems are being initiated in order to address the customer grievance. However, the expectation of the customers gets varied with the actual feedback management. Every customers have diversified expectations and it is difficult to meet all the requirements and expectations of the customers. Customer experience map The customer experience map can be divide in to three parts which portrays the experience before, during and after the purchase of the product. The need generation and the initial consideration analyze the experiences before the purchase (Mihart 2012). Engagement and the evaluation part analyze the experience during the purchase and the rest of the factors analyze the experience after the purchase (Howard 2014). Relationship These types of personas are extrovert and have a lot of interaction with the other members of the society. The need is generated for them from the word of mouth and they gain the information from the online medium and from friends and family. This is phase where the customer finds out the information before purchasing of the product. The people belonging to this category will interact with the sales executive to find whether the product is satisfying the need of the customers (Jahanshani et al 2014). The will try to develop a good relationship with the sales executive and clarify all the questions they have in their mind. The final experience shows the comparison between the previous and present experience. This comparison will determine the customer will turn in to a loyal customer or search for a substitute in the market (Sahagun and Vasquez-Parraga 2014). The customers were eager to try out the product as it offered quality than the other products in the market but after usage of the product, the customer had issues with the taste. There are some of the customers who did not like the taste of the product. Innovator These types of personas are creative and will try to search for products, which have a unique selling proposition. The uniqueness of the product will be the evaluation point for the customer and they will try to differentiate based on the quality. The clarification will include the comparison among the various products in the market. When the product is bought, the customer will compare the uniqueness of the product with his or her own expectation. This will be the factor, which will determine whether the customer will be loyal to the brand or shift to the other products, which look lucrative (Sahagun and Vasquez-Parraga 2014). This group of customers was eager to try out the uniqueness but after the usage some of them thought that the sugar content is high. Analytical These types of personas are very critical about the product and they like to make a total analysis so that they can gather all the information about the product. There are very careful customers and do not take risky decisions. They like to evaluate all the factors before purchasing and they have to convince to buy the product. This group of customers analyzed all the aspects of the product and was concerned about the price of the product (Ellickson, Misra and Nair 2012). However, after the usage of the product some of them are of the opinion that the price of the product is high when compared to the quality of the product served. Thus, after taking feedbacks from the customer, the experience map shows that price, taste and the sugar content are the factors which should be brought under scrutiny (Moghaddam 2015). Conclusion Therefore, the market survey and the customer experience shows that, the current service experience of the customers regarding Food zone is favorable but there are some issues which need to be addressed. Customer experience map showed that price, quality and taste are the areas where competitors are going ahead of food zone. Thus, these areas should be improved in order to increase the positive experience of the customers. Currently, customers are willing to have one of a kind product in the fruit juice categories which are being properly fulfilled by the Food zone. However, customers prefer the competitors products than the products of Food zone due to the indentified areas of gap. Fruit juice markets in the Australia are already having established brands such as Tropicana and Minute Maid. Thus, it is obvious that the customer will compare the newly introduced products in the market with the established brands. Therefore, to survive in the market and to generate positive customer experience, Food zone should rectify the gaps being identified in this research. It will help them to serve the customers more effectively and efficiently References Andzulis, J.M., Panagopoulos, N.G. and Rapp, A., 2012. A review of social media and implications for the sales process.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,32(3), pp.305-316. Berry, S.T. and Haile, P.A., 2014. Identification in differentiated products markets using market level data.Econometrica,82(5), pp.1749-1797. Caballero, L., Moreno, A.M. and Seffah, A., 2014, September. Persona as a tool to involving human in agile methods: contributions from HCI and marketing. InInternational Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering(pp. 283-290). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Ellickson, P.B., Misra, S. and Nair, H.S., 2012. Repositioning dynamics and pricing strategy.Journal of Marketing Research,49(6), pp.750-772. Euromonitor.com. (2017).Juice in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/juice-in-australia/report [Accessed 7 Jul. 2017]. Howard, T., 2014. Journey mapping: A brief overview.Communication Design Quarterly Review,2(3), pp.10-13. Jahanshani, A.A., Hajizadeh, G.M.A., Mirdhamadi, S.A., Nawaser, K. and Khaksar, S.M.S., 2014. Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Leung, C.W., Laraia, B.A., Needham, B.L., Rehkopf, D.H., Adler, N.E., Lin, J., Blackburn, E.H. and Epel, E.S., 2014. Soda and cell aging: associations between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and leukocyte telomere length in healthy adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.Journal Information,104(12). Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: effects on consumer decisionmaking process.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(2), p.121. Moghaddam, S., 2015, March. Beyond sentiment analysis: mining defects and improvements from customer feedback. InEuropean Conference on Information Retrieval(pp. 400-410). Springer, Cham. Pawe?oszek, I. and Korczak, J., 2016. An Approach to Discovery of Customer Profiles. InResearch and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems: 10th IFIP WG 8.9 Working Conference, CONFENIS 2016, Vienna, Austria, December 1314, 2016, Proceedings 10(pp. 88-99). Springer International Publishing. Popkin, B.M., 2012. Sugary beverages represent a threat to global health.Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism,23(12), pp.591-593. Rawson, A., Duncan, E. and Jones, C., 2013. The truth about customer experience.Harvard Business Review,91(9), pp.90-98. Sahagun, M.A. and Vasquez-Parraga, A.Z., 2014. Can fast-food consumers be loyal customers, if so how? Theory, method and findings.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), pp.168-174. Severi, E. and Ling, K.C., 2013. The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), p.125. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012.Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Upson, J.W., Ketchen, D.J., Connelly, B.L. and Ranft, A.L., 2012. Competitor analysis and foothold moves.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), pp.93-110. Wojcicki, J.M. and Heyman, M.B., 2012. Reducing childhood obesity by eliminating 100% fruit juice.American journal of public health,102(9), pp.1630-1633.

Thomas Hobbes Essay Paper Example For Students

Thomas Hobbes Essay Paper Thomas Hobbes was one of the first Western Philosophers that the world had seen. Hobbess philosophies marked a departure in the English philosophy from religious emphasis of Scholasticism. Hobbes was born in 1588 in Malmesbury, Wiltshire. His father was a vicar of the parish during Queen Elizabeth time. He valued not learning and only read the prayers of the church. Hobbes obtained his education from his uncle and moved onto Oxford at the tender age of fifteen. By the time he reached Oxford he was already a scholar in Latin and Greek. He left Oxford in 1608 and began his companionship with the eldest son of Lord Cavendish of Hardwicke, later know as Earl of Devonshire. Hobbes traveled the European continent three times in his lifetime. These trips allowed Hobbes to get most of his work down and he usually traveled with a pupil. His first trip he took was in 1610 were he visited France, Italy and Germany. This trip he took with is pupil, Lord Hardwick. He learned the French and Italia n languages along the way. This first tour of the continent did not allow Hobbes to learn his life purpose, but he did gain experience that could help him along his way. We will write a custom essay on Thomas Hobbes Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His second tour of the European continent took place in 1629 and lasted for two years. In 1628 his pupil and friend Lord Hardwick passed on and Hobbes had no duties to fulfill in the house. The second trip Hobbes took he had a new pupil the young earl, who was eleven when they left for the journey. When Hobbes arrived back he took over the education of his new pupil. Around the time he was educated the young earl, his philoschical views began to take place. It was not until his third trip across the continent that he began to fit in with the other philosophers of the world. The third trip he was accomplice by the young earl, Earl of Devonshire. The trip lasted three years, 1634 to 1637. The trip began a new chapter in Hobbes life, he began to publish books and his theories were starting to be written out into books. During the trip he was an intimate of Meresenne, who at the time was at the center of the scintitific circle. That circle include the like of Descartes and Gassendi. His first publication was when he returned titled, Elements of Law and politic. This book showed the theories that he began to evovle for him during this third and final trip. Hobbes fled to France for eleven years because of the fear of getting arrested from his book. He called himself a man of feminine courage. In France he taught the Prince of Whales, later known as King Charles II, mathematics. While in London he also wrote his most famous book Leviathan. This book should Hobbes views on all the theories and ethical decisions. It was published in 1651, the same year he moved back to England. He moved back because he felt safer now in England then he did in France. In actuality he moved back because his book caused him to fear arrest by the authorties in France. He felt safer in England because of his former pupil took over the throne and Hobbes came into favor with the House of Commons. In 1666 however the house passed a bill to inspect his book Leviathan of charges of atheistic tendencies. This inspection caused Hobbes to burn many of his papers and delayed three publications of future books. His philosical theories were that people could have more then one loyalty and that they could be competing with each other. Mainly he was talking about the loyalty to God. Religion was a big deal back then and he stated that God could have a competing loyalty and that people should decide what is best for them. Loyalty to a person or a king should stop when death could occur to you. He stated that loyalty is a social act and that anything a person does is self-serving. Anything a human being does come full circle and benefits them in a way. A theory that Hobbes had, that I believe was pretty big, was that a person living in a world with moral rules is better off then a person living in a world without them. I did not understand what he meant but I do understand now. Hobbes was trying to say that without moral rules and values that people would be at each others throats and attacking each other. With rules and morals people get along with each other and are happy to help each other out. The reason why Hobbes made this point was because he stated that people are selfish creatures and he would do anything we could to get what we wanted. This would only work if we enforced the rules, and that would lead to safety and ensure people that they could trust each other. .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .postImageUrl , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:hover , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:visited , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:active { border:0!important; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:active , .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1 .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45244f9dd28e28b52274663e45a62ab1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: RwandaGenocide or Civil War EssayHobbes said strong people prey off the weakness of weak people. People have their own morals and their own morals will determine what loyalty they have to another. Hobbes also said that no man should give up self-assertion. Hobbes was a confusing person to try and understand but the more and more you read what he stood for, you realized that what he was trying to state. He meant that when you might have two competing values, take the value that will help you the most, as long as it does not lead to death. He also said that people, during the state of war, have three natural causes:competion for limited suppliesdistrust of one anotherglory insofar as people remain hostile to preserve their powerful reputation. During this sate of was he stated that no morality existed. Hobbes was getting his point across by telling people that when push comes to shove that others will do anything to remain on top. Hobbes says that we also have to end war because until the state of war ends each person has the right to another persons life. Beside that motivation others that Hobbes stated:the fear of deaththe desire to an adequate livingUnless we stop the state of was and qurlling among ourselves, people are going to try anything they can to do what they want with whom ever they want. With this in mind I entered the group discussion confused but having a sense of what he stood for. I really could argue either way for the topic on doctor George but after the first meeting and listening to others I found that Hobbes would have lead to believe that doctor George is good thing and could save peoples lives. Hobbes said that every thing has to be self-serving and the act of self-serving was the money that the program director was going to make. I still was not sure until I heard some of the other philosophers and what they thought on the topic. Half way through the first discussion I really thought that I could argue more in favor of the show then I could against it. Bibliography1. Edwards, Paul, ed. Encyclopedia of Philosphy. 4th ed. London, New York. The McMillian Corportion and Free Press, 1982. 2. Fieser, James. Ethics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosphy. 1998. 15 Oct. 2000. 3. Honderich, Ted, ed. Oxford Companion to Philosphy. New York, Oxford. Oxford Unversity Press, 1995. 4. Thomas Hobbes. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosphy. 1997. 15 Oct. 2000. 5. Turner, Ron. Thomas Hobbes. 15 Oct. 2000.

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Re-Sitting an Exam Can Be Easier with Our Tips

Re-Sitting an Exam Can Be Easier with Our Tips 7 Essential Guidelines For Repeating Your Exams Inimitable difficulties can arise as a result of having to repeat an examination, although, with thorough preparation, the experience can be less traumatic. Tactful approach as in any other field of academic excellence is of the essence. The ability to comprehend the exam setting process is useful. Deliberately or not, examiners tend to level up answers to the questions asked to ensure that the performance curve is proportional. Theoretically, a test should be adequately standard such that not everyone performs extremely poorly or with flying colors. Similarly, essay questions follow the same regulation to warrant a general performance from by sitting for the examination. Repeating an examination can be instigated by many factors, for instance, private reasons (bad situation at home leading to stress, financial constraints and more) or performing poorly at the first attempt. Of importance, however, is determining the exact time that has elapsed since you first sat for the exam and time scheduled for the repeat. Below are 7 essential guidelines that will assist you as you plan for the re-sit. 1. Never presuppose the same questions will be repeated In many instances, examiners know better than to repeat the same questions they had set in the first exam, and as such, you should never presume that the same questions will be tested to avoid failing. Not having sat for the exam is not a good enough reason to suppose the examiner will test you on the same areas. Like you, the examiner will presume that you know someone who sat for the exam and will let you in on the questions this will be cheating. The examiner is to be expected to set different quizzes although testing the same concept from the same material. 2. Never presuppose the questions wont be repeated It is wise to keep in mind that despite the possibility of the questions not being the same, reviewing past papers and taking notes from a friend who did the previous exam is just as important. The information you can get can boost your performance substantially as it will point out the areas most likely to be tested by the examiner. At no point, however, should you naively rely on your friends recollection of the questions and possible answers because it is possible their reminiscence is not 100% accurate, you should follow up the information with revision and research. 3. Understand the layout Tests come in different formats; multiple choice, essay, short answers or fill in the black and it is imperative that you clearly understand the layout of the exam you are repeating. In the occasion you need clarification, do not hesitate to ask the examiner as they will shed some light on your query. Further questions might raise an eyebrow, and it is up to you to figure it out. 4. Develop a mock exam for yourself This technique has been tested and proven to be effective not just for repeating an examination, but when preparing for any other test. The best way to go about this would be, assume you are the harshest teacher around and with this mentality, set the hardest and grueling questions and later attempt answering them. The mock test will be a perfect opportunity for you to identify the areas you lack adequate understanding and where you do hence, taking the necessary corrective steps. 5. Review past papers Many institutions usually provide students with various past papers from previous classes through the library, lecturers and so forth. In the case where there are no past papers, do not shy away from requesting some from your course professor or lecturer. Take advantage of these papers being as they have two main benefits; revising them will give you a vivid overview of the areas most examiners like to test and secondly, instructors use past papers to get inspirations on what to assess. Does it get better than this? 6. Outsource past papers It is wise to go through as many past papers as you possibly can only challenge being, the school might not have enough papers. The internet is an excellent place where you can outsource past papers on any topic or subject. Also, you can get sample papers, essays or short answers from other students in different institutions from across the world. Comparing and contrasting the views of other students to yours will help you make an informed decision especially for argumentative papers. For instance, you have a debate in your English class on the American civil war, reading about the war and the arguments of other students will assist you to take a stand. There are online writing service companies with proficient writers who you can consult and have them write you close to perfect answers upon providing them with specific instructions. 7. Make early preparations In most cases, the lecturer will inform you if you have a failed exam that you need to re-sit, fully prepped when it will be and given ample time to revise. Regardless of the strategy, you decide to use, make it a necessity to prepare in advance. The process of preparation is not a walk in the park as a lot of work and effort goes into it, and as such, our advice is to start planning immediately.

No need for topic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

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Global Financial Crisis in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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People Play Important Roles in Our Lfe Essay Example for Free

People Play Important Roles in Our Lfe Essay The most significant people in your life would normally be your parents followed by siblings and extended family members. We are first sons or daughters before we take on the role of brothers or sisters. Our role will then be of husbands or wives and then fathers or mothers as we grow in our lives. We become grandfathers or grandmothers and with God’s blessings, become Great Grandfathers or Great Grandmothers. Our role will then become whatever role we take on in life. Our parents would definitely be the most significant people in our lives. How we grow up as an individual goes back to the cornerstone of our family unit. When there is love amongst the family members, this is where we are nurtured when we were young and we take our values from the family. Siblings that come along in the family unit are our companions and when we grow up being supportive of each other, that is where we can have support and encouragement from our siblings as well. As we grow up in society, we have friends and teachers along the way. Teachers who have motivated us during our school days play a significant part in our growth as well. As the saying goes, â€Å"No man is an island and hence our dependence on others and how they contribute to our lives by their presence gives meaning to our ambitions, our values, our way of thinking and so much more. In turn, we give a helping hand, a listening ear to our friends who need support and encouragement or just someone to understand them. When we have been touched by others in our lives and in normal cases, would be the family members. People without this family support such as orphans or kids being fostered out or adopted by their adoptive parents find themselves being cared for by others who make every effort to see to their needs and love them. These people then play a very significant role in their lives. It is very important that we appreciate the people in our lives and if we can thank them for being in our lives, it is a beautiful moment to cherish. Often enough, many of us take our loved ones for granted. Let that not be the case and let us be aware that we want to appreciate our loved ones and make every effort to let them know that we appreciate, care and love them. We need not do great things for our loved ones. Remembering them is one way to show our appreciation of them and we can do so by taking the time to be with them, talk to them and just be with them. Let us all take time to love our close and beloved so that they know they are loved and appreciated in their lives. It is something we can do and let us all make an effort to do so. Being appreciated and loved adds meaning to one’s life and it is up to each one of us to do so.

Architectural Realism Essay -- Urban Planning, Otto Wagner

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Mumbai Dabbawalah

————————————————- Dabbawala From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mumbai Dabbahwalas A  dabbawala  (Marathi:   ); also spelled as  dabbawalla  or  dabbawallah; literally meaning (â€Å"box person†), is a person in  India, most commonly found in the city of  Mumbai, who is employed in a unique service industry whose primary business is collecting freshly cooked food in  lunch boxes  from the residences of the  office workers  (mostly in the suburbs), delivering it to their respective workplaces and returning the empty boxes back to the customer's residence by using various modes of transport. Tiffin† is an old-fashioned English word for a light lunch or afternoon snack, and sometimes, by extension, for the box it is carried in. For this reason, the  dabbawalas are sometimes called  Tiffin Wallahs. Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Ety mology and historical roots * 1. 1  The Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust * 2  Supply chain * 2. 1  Appearance and coding * 2. 2  Uninterrupted services * 3  Economic analysis * 3. 1  Awards and recognition * 4  In Media * 5  References * 6  Further reading * 7  External links| ————————————————- edit]Etymology and historical roots A  dabba, or Indian-style tiffin box. The word â€Å"Dabbawala† in  Marathi  when literally translated, means â€Å"one who carries a box†. â€Å"Dabba† means a box (usually a cylindrical tin or aluminium container), while â€Å"wala† is a suffix, denoting a doer or holder of the preceding word. [1]  The closest meaning of the  Dabbawala  in English would be the â€Å"lunch box delivery man†. Though this profession seems to be simple, it is actually a highly specialized serv ice in Mumbai which is over a century old and has become integral to the cultural life of this city.The concept of the  dabbawala  originated when India was under  British rule. Many British people who came to the  colony  did not like the local food, so a service was set up to bring lunch to these people in their workplace straight from their home. Nowadays, although Indian businesspersons are the main  customers  for the dabbawalas, increasingly affluent families employ them instead for lunch delivery to their school-aged children. Even though the services provided might include cooking, it primarily consists of only delivery either home-made or in that latter case, food ordered from a restaurant. edit]The Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust This service originated in 1880. In 1890, Mahadeo Havaji Bachche and Ananth Mandra Reddy started a lunch delivery service with about 100 men. [2]In 1930, he informally attempted to unionize the  dabbawallas. Later a charita ble trust was registered in 1956 under the name of  Nutan Mumbai Tiffin Box Suppliers Trust. The commercial arm of this trust was registered in 1968 as  Mumbai Tiffin Box Supplier's Association. The present President of the association is Raghunath Medge. Nowadays, the service often includes cooking of food in addition to the delivery. ———————————————— [edit]Supply chain A collecting Dabbawala on a bicycle Mumbai is a very densely populated  city of millions  with huge flows of  traffic. Because of this, lengthy commutes to workplaces are common, with many workers traveling by train. Instead of going home for  lunch  or paying for a meal and eating out every day in a  cafe, many office workers have a cooked meal sent either from their home, or sometimes from a caterer who essentially cooks and delivers the meal in lunch boxes and then have the empty lunch b oxes collected and re-sent the same day.This is usually done for a monthly fee of about 450 Indian rupees. The meal is  cookedin the morning and sent in lunch boxes carried by dabbawalas, who have a complex association and hierarchy across the city. Dabbawalas in action at a  Mumbai Suburban Railway  station. A  collecting dabbawala, usually on  bicycle, collects dabbas either from a worker's home or from the dabba makers. As many of the carriers are illiterate, the dabbas have some sort of distinguishing mark on them, such as a colour or group of symbols.The dabbawala then takes them to a designated sorting place, where he and other collecting dabbawalas sort (and sometimes bundle) the lunch boxes into groups. The grouped boxes are put in the coaches of  trains, with markings to identify the destination of the box (usually there is a designated car for the boxes). The markings include the  railway station  to unload the boxes and the building address where the box h as to be delivered. At each station, boxes are handed over to a  local dabbawala, who delivers them. The empty boxes are collected after lunch or the next day and sent back to the respective houses. edit]Appearance and coding Markings: (1) abbreviations for collection points, (2) colour code for starting station, (3) number for destination station and (4) markings for handling dabbawala at destination, building and floor. [3] A typical  dabbawala  lunch. It was estimated in 2007 that the dabbawala industry was still growing by 5-10%  per annum. [4] Although the service remains essentially low-tech, with the delivery men as the prime movers, the dabbawalas have started to embrace technology, and now allow tanuj wadhi for delivery through  SMS. 5]  An on-line poll on the web site ensures that customer feedback is given pride of place. The success of the system depends on teamwork and time management. Such is the dedication and commitment of the barely literate and barefoot delivery men (there are only a few delivery women) who form links in the extensive delivery chain, that there is no system of documentation at all. A simple colour-coding system doubles as an ID system for the destination and recipient. There are no multiple elaborate layers of management either — just three layers.Each dabbawala is also required to contribute a minimum capital in kind, in the form of two bicycles, a wooden crate for the tiffins, white cotton  kurta-pyjamas, and the white trademarkGandhi cap  (topi). The return on capital is ensured by monthly division of the earnings of each unit. [edit]Uninterrupted services The service is almost always uninterrupted, even on the days of severe weather such as  monsoons. The local dabbawalas and population know each other well, and often form bonds of trust.Dabbawalas are generally well accustomed to the local areas they cater to, and use shortcuts and other low profile routes to deliver their goods on time. Occasion ally, people communicate between home and work by putting messages inside the boxes; however, with the rise of instant communication such as SMS and instant messaging, this trend is vanishing. Since 1890 ,the year in which the Dabbawalas formally came into existence ,none of its members had ever gone on a strike.This trend was broken in 2011 when the members decided to head towards Azad Maidan to support Anna Hazare in his campaign against corruption. [6] ————————————————- [edit]Economic analysis Each  dabbawala, regardless of role, gets paid about eight thousand rupees per month. In 1998,  Forbes Magazine  found its reliability to be that of a  six sigma  standard. [better  source  needed]  This implies that the Dabbawalas make less than one mistake in every 6 million deliveries, despite most of the delivery staff being illiterate. 7]  More than 175,000 to 200,000 lunch boxes get moved every day by an estimated 4,500 to 5,000  dabbawalas, all with an extremely small nominal fee and with utmost punctuality. The  BBC  has produced a  documentary  on  dabbawalas[citation needed]  and  Prince Charles, during his visit to India, visited them (he had to fit in with their schedule, since their timing was too precise to permit any flexibility). Prince Charles also invited them to his wedding withCamilla Parker Bowles  in London on 9 April 2005.Owing to the tremendous publicity, some of the dabbawalas were invited to give guest lectures in some of the top  business schools  of India, which is very unusual. Most remarkably in the eyes of many Westerners, the success of the dabbawala trade has involved no advanced technology,[8]  except for trains (and as mentioned above, SMS services for booking). The New York Times  reported in 2007 that the 125-year-old  dabbawala  industry continues to grow at a rate of 5â₠¬â€œ10% per year. [4] [edit]Awards and recognition ISO 9001:2000 certified by the  Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand  [9] ————————————————- [edit]In Media On 28 December 2011, the British series, â€Å"Top Gear† broadcasted the episode â€Å"India Special† where Clarkson, Hammond, and May travel to India for a â€Å"trade mission†. In Mumbai, they aimed to beat the efficiency of the dabbawala by using a car instead of a train. The mission fails when Clarkson, in a rush to beat the train, did not take enough cargo, leaving Hammond to carry Clarkson's load as well as his own.Hammond accidentally loses and subsequently ruins some of his cargo, and May, trying to take a ring road approach to the station, takes a wrong turn and ends up in the countryside. [10] ————————— ———————- [edit]References 1. ^  Pathak R. C. (1946, Reprint 2000). The Standard Dictionary of the Hindi Language, Varanasi: Bhargava Book Depot,pp. 300,680 2. ^  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bombay Dabbawalas go high-tech†. Physorg. com. Retrieved 2011-09-15. 3. ^  Mumbai's amazing Dabbawalas. Rediff. com  (November 11, 2005). 4.   a  b  In India, Grandma Cooks, They Deliver  from  The New York Times 5. ^  BBC News: India's tiffinwalas fuel economy 6. ^  http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/industry-and-economy/economy/dabbawalas-to-strike-for-the-first-time-in-120-years/article2369850. ece 7. ^  The Guardian. A Bombay lunchbox  (June 24, 2002). 8. ^  Amberish K Diwanji, â€Å"Dabbawallahs: Mumbai's best managed business†, Rediff. com, November 4, 2003 9. ^  Mydabbawala. com: Accolades To Dabbawala 10. ^  http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top_Gear:_India_Special

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Feasibility Study Essay

As a leader in the rental vehicle industry for the past 30 years, ABC Rental Cars has continually remained a step ahead of its competition. To continue to set the pace for other rental agencies to follow, and to ensure ABC Rental Cars’ dominant position in the marketplace, alternative fuel vehicles (AFV), or more specifically, hybrid vehicles, should be evaluated as to the feasibility and consumer interest of introducing these types of vehicles into our fleet. Currently, gasoline prices are at an all-time high. The United States’ dependency on foreign oil is also at an extremely high level, and with the ever-shifting Middle Eastern political climate teetering at volatile levels, hybrid vehicles are an important avenue to be considered. While hybrid car sales currently lag behind sales of conventional vehicles, J. D. Power & Associates, a market research firm, estimates that hybrid vehicle sales will increase to half a million by the year 2006. In addition, nearly 20 new models of hybrid cars, SUV’s, and trucks will be rolled out to consumers in the next few years (Mossy Automotive Group, 2004). ABC Rentals can reap the rewards of providing these vehicles to its consumers, provided the cost associated with this program is mutually beneficial to both parties. Initially, the types of fuels that are available need to be researched to determine the viability of introducing hybrid vehicles into our fleet. While there are several options of alternative fuels available, most are not practical. The fuels analyzed included natural gas, biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, Fischer Tropsch, liquefied natural gas, methanol, and propane. Ultimately, the research concluded that the only practical, economical, and accessible fuel currently available is electricity, when used in the hybrid concept. There are many vehicles that use electricity. The most popular concept is used in hybrid vehicles. These vehicles have an electric motor, with a separate gasoline motor. One of the benefits is fuel economy. According to an EPA report, hybrids â€Å"can more than double the gas mileage of conventional gasoline or diesel-powered cars. † Also, this use of energy reduces emissions because gasoline consumption is reduced. Next, the gasoline motor charges the battery as the car is running, nullifying the need for recharging stations. Ultimately, the most practical fuel that can be considered at this time is electricity combined with gasoline, which is used in hybrid vehicles. (EPA, 2003) As a means to gauge consumer interest in these types of vehicles, we also needed to research our competitors to distinguish if hybrid vehicles would be a practical addition to our fleet. Currently, EV Rental Cars is the only company in the United States to rent hybrid cars to the public. At this time, there are a total of eight locations with hybrid vehicles: four locations in California: Los Angeles, Burbank, Ontario and San Diego, one location in Phoenix, Arizona, two locations in Virginia: Dulles and Arlington, and one in Washington D. C. With all of the locations above in mind, EV Rental Cars has grown in fleet size to more than 400 cars throughout the eight different locations (www. evrental. com, 2001). One of the vehicles available to rent at EV Rentals is the Toyota Prius, which is a full size family sedan. This vehicle rents for $49. 99 per day, or $299. 94 per week, and EV Rentals offers 150 free miles per day and . 25/mile thereafter (www. evrental. com, 2001). The Prius achieves 60 mpg in the city and 51 mpg on the highway (autos. yahoo. com, 2004). Comparatively, Honda has introduced the Honda Insight, which in the rental vehicle industry is considered to be a standard size car, and the Honda Civic hybrid, which is considered to be a compact car. These two cars are offered by EV Rentals at a similar price to the Toyota Prius (www. evrental.com, 2001). The Honda Insight achieves an EPA highway mileage of 66 mpg and 60 mpg in the city, while the Honda Civic hybrid can travel 650 miles with a full tank of gas (www. honda. com, 2004). As indicated above, these three cars are not only great when it comes to mileage, but another advantage they enjoy is that they are also environmentally friendly. For example, the Prius produces 90 percent less harmful emissions than a traditional car (www. ineed2know. org, 2004), which is important to those individuals that are concerned about the environment. Even President Bush seemed to agree that alternative fuel vehicles needed to be further investigated when he endorsed the concept of alternative fuel vehicles and allocated more than a billion dollars toward the transition to hydrogen fuels (www. evrental. com, 2001). On the other hand, these types of cars are not a practical investment if cost and availability are issues. Not only is the price higher, but due to limited interest in hybrids by consumers at this time, there is only a small geographic area where hybrids are being rented. Most locations are situated in California, Arizona, and Washington; therefore, if ABC Rental Cars is looking for a new rental opportunity that could expand quickly, hybrid vehicles may not be the ideal choice. Initial startup costs and maintenance costs are also important factors to consider. The price of a hybrid automobile is higher than that of a comparable gasoline engine powered automobile. According to the Website ineed2know. org, a consumer can expect to pay from $3,500 to $6,000 more for a hybrid vehicle. The money a consumer saves in purchasing a hybrid depends greatly on the cost of gasoline. For example, if gas is priced at $1. 80 per gallon, it might take the average driver between 10 and 15 years to make up a $3,500 increase in the initial price. The higher the gas prices go, the less time it will take to recoup the higher price of purchasing a hybrid (ineed2know. org, 2004). However, statistics detailing the amount of time needed to recoup initial investment costs for businesses were not available at this time. Batteries for hybrid vehicles cost considerably more than conventional car batteries. Hybrid batteries sport a price tag of $1,000 – $2,000, more than 10 ? 20 times that of a gasoline powered vehicle (ineed2know.org, 2004). While most hybrid batteries are covered under the vehicle warranty, once the warranty expires it will be the owner’s responsibility to cover the cost of a new battery. Below are some specific pricing examples of hybrids that are currently on the market: The Toyota Prius has a suggested retail price of $21, 708, which is comparable to the Corolla that retails at $15, 580. The hybrid Honda Civic cost $20, 650. That’s about $2,300 more than the Honda Civic with a gasoline powered engine. (Phelan, 2004) Eartheasy. com lists the Honda Insight with a base retail price of $19,080 to $21,280. (2004) The Pontiac Website (2004) lists the comparable Vibe at $17, 165. The Ford Website (2004) boasts the hybrid 2005 Ford Escape, available in August 2004, which will have a retail price of $26,970 for the front-wheel drive SUV. The four-wheel drive hybrid SUV will retail at $28,595. Comparable Ford Escapes with gasoline powered engines retail for $19,995 and $21, 605 respectively. Renewable energy has become the focus of many markets in today’s society. From solar panels to hybrid vehicles, Americans are interested in purchasing these types of technologies, but need financial help from the government in the form of tax credits and rebates. Hybrid vehicles are costly to manufacture, and automakers pass on this higher cost to consumers in the form of higher retail prices of the vehicle. To help offset these higher prices, automakers are encouraging the federal government to provide tax credits to those consumers who purchase hybrid vehicles. The reason for this push is there is currently no alternative technology planned for the future. In a speech given to the Automotive News World Congress, Ford Motor Company’s CEO William Ford stated: â€Å"Hybrid vehicles are a very good bridge between today’s technology and fuel cells. Fuel cells ? as promising as they are ? come with a tremendous infrastructure challenge. We do not have hydrogen on every corner like we do gasoline, and we also have storage issues. With hybrids, we do not have to invent anything ? we know they work. † (Kiley, 2004) To date, there are two types of tax credits available to those who purchase alternative fuel vehicles: ? If you purchase a certain type of electric vehicle, you may be entitled to a tax credit. ?If a vehicle qualifies as a â€Å"clean-fuel† vehicle, you may be entitled to a deduction from gross income. Currently, any clean-fuel vehicles that are manufactured after June 30, 1993 and before January 1, 2007, qualifies the owner for a deduction off of their gross income for a portion of the cost of the vehicle. Examples of these vehicles are natural gas, hydrogen and any fuel that is composed of at least 85% ethanol, alcohol or ether. Electric vehicles receive a 10% tax credit, based on the purchase price. The maximum dollar amount cannot exceed $4,000. These credits will be phased out gradually ? 25, 50 and 75 percent in 2004, 2005, and 2006 respectively, until it is phased out completely in 2007 (www. taxguide. completeax. com, 2004). These tax credits are targeted to the individual consumer, and not for rental vehicles. With the price of gasoline currently hovering around $2. 20 per gallon, the hybrid vehicle appears to be an attractive alternative. However, without a tax credit geared towards the business market, it is not a feasible option. Unfortunately, even with a tax credit, it would take years for the population to change their driving habits. To summarize, marketing alternative fuel vehicles to the consumer can be challenging, and most consumers are not aware of the types or manufacturers of these vehicles. If people are knowledgeable at all about alternative fuel environmental friendly vehicles, they may not be certain of where they can purchase or rent one of them. Purchasing an environmentally friendly vehicle is getting easier to do, with more car manufacturers jumping on the bandwagon. Honda and Toyota have led the way with hybrid vehicles, and Ford has also been in the market with its Ford Crown Victoria natural gas vehicles, with upcoming plans to debut their 2005 Ford Escape hybrid in August 2004. Pontiac is also throwing their hat into the ring with their new hybrid vehicle, the Vibe. Most consumers that are in the market for alternative fuel vehicles are looking at the new hybrids, which use both a combination of electricity and gasoline and can achieve 50 to 60 miles per gallon. The batteries on these vehicles automatically recharge themselves; consequently the vehicles never are required to be plugged in. Renting an alternative fuel vehicle can be more challenging than purchasing one, since at this time there is only one viable rental agency; EV Rental Cars, who has partnered with Budget Rent a Car, a major player in the rental car industry. If a person lives in, or is visiting California, Arizona or Washington D. C. , they can rent one of these vehicles at one of the major airports. The cost is $10 to $20 dollars more per day than renting regular gasoline powered vehicles. Most can be rented or reserved on the Internet, but some alternative fuel vehicles cannot. Consumers must request these in person at rental locations. There are a small amount of benefits for the consumer. For example, drivers can travel in the carpool lane even if they are driving alone in California, Arizona, Virginia and Georgia, thereby saving time. Additionally, when returning traditional rental vehicles, a renter is usually required to return the vehicle with the same amount of gas as was in the vehicle when first rented. Conversely, alternative fuel vehicles can be returned empty, incurring no extra surcharge. As far as refueling these vehicles, charging electric vehicles is free at the rental car recharging stations. Also, hybrid vehicles are more economical because they get more than 60 miles per gallon. Looking at the limited benefits, the overall cost and lack of convenience of purchasing or renting one of these alternative fuel vehicles, and the fact that there is limited availability, does not make it very appealing to the consumer. To investigate a hybrid vehicle consumer’s point of view concerning these types of vehicles, we conducted an interview with Dr. Mark Looper, a hybrid car enthusiast who operates the website altfuels. org. Dr. Looper holds an MS and PhD in physics from the California Institute of Technology, and an AB in physics from Princeton University. He has owned alternative fuel vehicles since 1993, and rents hybrid vehicles from the local EV Rental agency in his area. His website offers reviews of these rental vehicles, as well as real-life experiences of Dr. Looper’s travels utilizing alternative fuel vehicles. Dr. Looper’s primary reason for renting AFV’s is to provide information about alternative vehicles to the general public in the form of his reviews, as well as to promote and gain support for these vehicles with his friends, colleagues, and anyone interested enough to learn about alternatives to gasoline powered vehicles. While Dr. Looper’s rental charges exceeded the cost of gasoline powered vehicles, he stressed that cost was not much of a factor in his decision. Instead, Dr. Looper was far more interested in providing useful information to the visitors of his website. One of the questions asked of Dr. Looper was his comfort level while renting AFV’s. Specifically, did he feel nervous that alternative fuel may not be available, or that the vehicle would not handle as well as a traditional vehicle, two concerns of traditional vehicle owners. His reply was that while he was initially nervous when he decided to drive the vehicle across the country, he has never felt nervous while driving in his area. Fuel was always available, as were charging sources. Dr. Looper has stated that he would continue to rent alternative fuel vehicles, to not only â€Å"promote AFV’s by enhancing market demand and visibility,† but to also provide important feedback to consumers considering purchasing or renting these vehicles. Dr. Looper also feels very strongly about environmental issues, and considers this when making a decision of which vehicle to rent. If an alternative fuel vehicle is available, he will always choose this path, as opposed to the traditional vehicle. In conclusion, our research reveals that ABC Rental Cars should not consider introducing alternative fuel vehicles into its fleet at this time. The initial investment costs are much higher than those of traditional gasoline powered vehicles, and costs associated with the upkeep of these vehicles are also prohibitive. In addition, while tax breaks are available to consumers purchasing hybrid vehicles, our studies failed to reveal any tax savings for businesses purchasing, or renting hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, Dr. Looper’s enthusiasm and knowledge notwithstanding, the demand for hybrid vehicles is not currently at a level that would justify the amount of capital necessary to launch this program. However, ABC Rental Cars should continue to monitor developments in the hybrid vehicle industry, as well as gauge consumer interest in these vehicles, and be prepared to move forward with this program should it become economically feasible in the future. References Eartheasy. com (2000 – 2004) The new hybrid cars. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http://www.eartheasy. com/live_hybrid_cars Environmental Protection Agency, (March 2003). Clean Alternative Fuels: Electric Vehicles. Retrieved, June 18, 2004 from http://www. epa. gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels. htm#fact EV Rental Cars (2002) Website. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http://www. evrental. com/index. html Fordvehicles. com (2004) Escape Hybrid. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http://www. fordvehicles. com/escapehybrid/home/index. asp? bhcp=1 Ineed2know. org (2003 – 2004) We Know: 5 important facts about hybrid cars. Retrieved June 20, 2004 from http://www. ineed2know. org/hybrid_cars. htm Kiley, D. (April 8, 2004) Top auto execs turn to tax code to boost fuel efficient vehicles. USA Today Looper, M. , (2004) Owner and Webmaster of www. altfuels. org Interviewed June, 2004 Mossy Automotive Group, (January 22, 2004). Alternative fuel vehicles would add powerful new dimensions to any auto fleet. Mossy Automotive Group Online. Retrieved June 24, 2004 from http://www. mossy. com/news_show. html? item_num=10 Phelan, M. (June 3, 2004). Cutting the hybrid hype. The Detroit Free Press. Retrieved June 20, 2004 from http://www. freep. com/money/autoreviews/hybrid3e_20040603. htm Pontiac. com (2004) Pontiac Vibe. Retrieved June 19, 2004 from http://www. pontiac. com/vibe/index. jsp? brand=home&pagename=home Taxguide. com (2004) Website. Retrieved June 18, 2004 from http://www. taxguide. completetax. com Yahoo! Autos (2004) 2004 Toyota Prius. Retrieved June 22, 2004 from http://autos. yahoo. com/newcars/toyota_prius_2004/3809/model_overview. html.

Intertextual Relations Between Romeo Juliet the Play and the Baz Luhrmann Film Essays

Intertextual Relations Between Romeo Juliet the Play and the Baz Luhrmann Film Essays Intertextual Relations Between Romeo Juliet the Play and the Baz Luhrmann Film Paper Intertextual Relations Between Romeo Juliet the Play and the Baz Luhrmann Film Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet John Frow wrote Texts are not structures of presence but traces and tracings of otherness. They are shaped by the repetition and the transformation of other textual structures. (Frow, Intertextuality and Ontology from Worton and Still Intertextuality: Theories and Practises 1990. pg. 46) The original Shakespearean version of Romeo and Juliet (written between 1594 and 1596) indeed contains traces of otherness, almost as heavily as Baz Luhrmanns 1996 film adaptation. When a modern day audience goes to see a new film they carry along certain expectations. Some of the situations of the film may be familiar, we may be able to anticipate the ending; the characters should not be too different from people we meet day to day, and they may speak lines that we have heard before in other films. However usually we demand a new story. The Elizabethan audience differed in that they were happy to be given a familiar story so long as the dramatists treatment was new and individual. The basic plot for Romeo and Juliet can be found as early as the third century A. D. Shakespeare relies almost entirely on a narrative poem entitled The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke (published in 1662). In turn the English poem is itself a translation of a popular prose fiction by Bandello (published in 1554). Even this derives from Italian stories, particularly one written by Luigi da Porto (1530). Baz Luhrmanns film version is aware of the intertextual history of the story and makes clear in its title that this is an adaptation of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Luhrmann dealt freely with the material provided from Shakespeares play in much the same way that Shakespeare helped himself to portions of Brookes poem and made whatever alterations he thought fit. (Gill, A Couple of Unfortunate Lovers from Romeo and Juliet. 1990. pg. ix). The cinematic experience of the story, although different from watching the play in a traditional theatre, or even any other film version for that matter, retains the intensity and level expression that Shakespeare originally put into the script, which could not be expressed through as limited a medium as theatre. Luhrmann takes the very old and well-known play and gives it a modern context and setting while retaining most of the original language. He employs an especially unconventional style of film making, using jump cuts frequently throughout the film, upsetting the continuity while adding to the intensity. It could be said that the jump cut technique is the heartbeat of the film; speeding up with the intense scenes and slowing down as the action dissipates. Shakespeare employed a similar technique through his use of narrative when adapting from the Brooke version. Brooke gives the lovers three months of marriage while Shakespeare permits only one night to heighten the intensity and speed up the action. Lurmann employs further techniques to speed up the action; he literally speeds up the film to intensify certain scenes. The sequence at Verona beach (itself an intertextual reference to the setting of the original play; Verona, Italy) is an ideal example of this intensification. Tybalt challenges Mercutio to a one-bullet turn and draw gunfight (the closest modern equivalent to a sword fight since there is at least some skill involved) filmed using a Hong Kong action movie/Jackie Chan-esque method of cinema characterised by a seemingly absurd speeding up of action sequences and close-up, followed by extreme close up of the subject, in this case Abra (or in the play Abram) Capulet. There is another sense in which the writers and artists of the present day will no longer be able to invent new styles and worlds theyve already been invented; only a limited number of combinations are possible; the most unique ones have been thought of already Hence, once again, pastiche: in a world in which stylistic innovation is no longer possible, all that is left is to imitate dead styles, to speak through the masks and with the voices of the styles in the imaginary museum. (Federic Jameson (1983) Postmodernism and Consumerism Society). In the opening sequence at the petrol station further inter-generic references are created when Tybalt extinguishes his cigarette with the heel of his elaborate cowboy boot behind a soundtrack characteristic of a confrontation scene from a 1950s spaghetti western. The film pauses to introduce each character as they appear, with further western-style music and their names and some information about them written on the screen. This almost serves as a program one might receive were they to see the story in its play form, listing all the leading characters. In this same scene Shakespeares words, in this case sword, are recast (as is typical in the film) as a gun trademark. Old Montague tells his wife Give me my long-sword, ho! which in the film is recast as a heavy, long, old fashion rifle which would be relatively ineffective against the youths shining, new, light-weight, automatic pistols in the same way that in Elizabethan times old Montagues heavy, long, old fashion sword would have been ineffective against the youths of the day. Good swordsmanship is replaced in the film by fancy gun trickery and Shakespearian dialect in general is placed in a modern day context, or spoken with an American intonation, for example when Benvolio refers to Romeo as Cous in the play it is mainly because he is his cousin, but the film, or at least the actor, interprets the word as more of a general street slang kind of greeting, as in What up Cuz? . Luhrmann places several posters and billboards in the film depicting the word Lamour (meaning love) as the coca cola icon. This is as much an intertextual reference to his other films and plays, as to Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. if you look at the lovers (from his play, La Bohemme), theyre clearly singing in front of the Lamour sign. If you look in Strictly Ballroom, the lovers are in front of a giant, industrial Coke sign. If you look in Romeo + Juliet, the Lamour sign interpreted in the Coke version is actually in Romeo + Juliet. If you look at Moulin Rouge the lovers are again singing in front of Lamour. Theres actually cross-referencing and coding through all of the works of these ten years of work of the Red Curtain Trilogy. In depicting a concept like love in such a commercial, superficial manner, as if Love is being advertised to us, the director may be making a point of the commercialisation of love through texts since Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet. It is as if the concept of love has been lost under a thousand cheap romance novels, soap operas and Meg Ryan movies. Perhaps in making the film he is forced to treat love as a commodity as if to say, Lamour is French for Coke, and he must try to sell love to his audience. This theme is expressed in the trailer for the film (the one found on the DVD version) when the voice over speaks the opening lines of chorus in a dramatic American accent typical of action movies of the time. One can not help but get the impression that love is being sold to us in the same way that an action movie sells violence. These same lines are used in the beginning of the film however they are expressed through a news reporter on an old television screen. It is important to note that before the news reporter appears, the very first image of the film is of a blank television screen in the centre of the shot, with nothing else but black surrounding it. This could be interpreted similarly to the way the Lamour sign is, as an over-saturation of media. It presents an image of culture as having an over-reliance on televisual imagery, a culture where children are often raised not by their parents but by television. One is compelled to ask, what effect is this having on their concepts of a thing like love if childrens biggest influence on the matter is not mum and dads love but Meg Ryans? . Baz Luhrmann himself said More progressively, like Shakespeare, Ive come to believe in trying to speak to many different people in many different ways. From the child, to the adult, to the simple person, to the complex. (Baz Luhrmann in an interview entitled Simply Baz on the website The Digital Bits, created 3/6/02). The portrayal of the news reader is an attempt to introduce the audience to the clashing of genres to ensue, and is also an indication of Luhrmanns intent to reject dominant paradigms, in this case the portrayel of a news reader as black and female. This intent is reflected throughout the film as Luhrmann adopts a black American polic eman as the upholder of authority and order in Verona Beach, and Mercutio, traditionally held as a model of honour, is portrayed as a black American. Following the news reporter, in true Shakespearean fashion, the audience is presented with a preview of the succeeding plot through a muddle of newspaper articles with headlines from the original text. Rushkoff argues that what might seem like a muddle of random images for viewers unaccustomed to the MTV style is quite comprehensible to those who have been raised on a more discontinuously styled media (Rushkoff, 1994, pg 130). Todays post-modern world is much more aware of the presence of other textual structures in stories which is why the credits at the end of films are becoming longer and longer. If the Elizabethans were as aware of this as we are, Romeo and Juliet the play would end with story by Luigi da Porto, written by Arthur Brooke, stage adaptation by William Shakespeare, produced by Queen Elizabeth? Today nothing is original, even this essay has probably been written before. Luhrmann, in true post-modern style, is very aware of the intertextual relations of his film and the film too is self conscious of them. Luhrmann took an old, familiar story and made it relevant to his time, ironically this happens to be the same thing that the person he copied did.

School Entry Essay

School Entry Essay School Entry Essay School Entry Essay: How to Cope with Entering a school is always an exciting and interesting event in the life of any person. Of course, all this bustle with the choice of the school, new hopes and dreams, meetings and opportunities are really thrilling. Entering school is very stirring, without doubts. However, you do not have to forget about your school entry essay writing. A successful school essay is your ticket to the new life full of surprises and fun. That is why you have to treat your school entry essay writing too seriously: School Essay Writing Can Be Frightening Of course, it is rather frightening for you to write your school entry essay, as you do not have experience in writing it. However, the devil is not so terrible as he is painted. Nowadays, with the appearance of the Internet and different custom essay writing services you receive 100 percent of friendly support while your school essay writing, and not only entry essay, but also all the other kinds of school essay; that makes the every day routine full of difficult essays not to be so panic striking. Get Help through Our Custom Service Thus, if you do not know how to write your school entry essay this is not a tragedy anymore. With the help of our custom essay writing service, you are welcome to receive all the necessary information in order to write a good school entry essay and to be admitted. Thousands of tips and pieces of advice are presented for you at the convenience of our site. Read the articles at the subject how to write school entry essay, and become a professional in school entry essay writing. You can also edit your ready-made school entry essay at our site. You see, even the best school entry essay loses its brilliant content if there are some mistakes. That is why the process of editing school entry essay is as important as the process of editing it. There exists an opportunity to order school entry essay and not to vex yourself while writing it. The writers who work at our service are the great professionals with the highest degrees; they know for sure how to write successful school entry essay. You can mention all your requests, ideas, and all they will be taken into account by our professionals. Our staff is so virtuous that we are able to meet all the deadlines. That is why if you need any kind of help while your school entry essay writing, you will find it at our site. We wish you good luck with your school entering. Related posts: Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Writing the Analysis Paper Sociology Paper Report Writing Help Argumentative Research Paper Topics